Saeed Rasekhi; Elnaz Behnia
Volume 18, Issue 55 , July 2013, , Pages 1-16
Abstract
Since the 1970s, international political economic theorists have emphasized on the role of domestic factors, such as domestic active groups, policies and macro-economic indicators, to explain the trade protection trends. Empirical studies have often verified this view. This paper examines ...
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Since the 1970s, international political economic theorists have emphasized on the role of domestic factors, such as domestic active groups, policies and macro-economic indicators, to explain the trade protection trends. Empirical studies have often verified this view. This paper examines the determinants of tariff protection in Iran’s manufacturing industries by using panel data for the period 2001-2007.This research also investigates the effects of intra industry trade on tariff protection. The results indicate that value added and the ratio of production to import affect the tariff protection in Iran’s manufacturing industries. Also, intra-industry-trades and their type, i.e. horizontal and vertical intra-industry trade, have negative effects on the protection. Based on the obtained results, we suggest that domestic industries activities in both domestic and foreign markets as well as intra-industry trade and competitiveness of trade should be increased.
Saeed Rasekhi; Saman Ghaderi
Volume 16, Issue 48 , October 2011, , Pages 87-108
Abstract
Recent literature of intra-industry trade has paid attention to the relationship between intra-industry trade and adjustment costs. Adjustment costs include the losses due to temporary unemployment in the labor market, which arise from wage rigidity, the research costs, re-location and re-training of ...
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Recent literature of intra-industry trade has paid attention to the relationship between intra-industry trade and adjustment costs. Adjustment costs include the losses due to temporary unemployment in the labor market, which arise from wage rigidity, the research costs, re-location and re-training of labor. Based on smooth adjustment hypothesis, intra-industry trade has a lower adjustment cost than inter-industry one. The present study has examined the smooth adjustment hypothesis for Iranian manufacturing industries at the 4-digit level of ISIC classification by using panel data during time period 2002-2006. For this, intra industry trade has been divided into its types (vertical and horizontal intra-industry trade) and then the hypothesis which is horizontal intra industry trade has lower adjustment cost than vertical one has been tested. Based on the results, the smooth adjustment hypothesis is not verified for Iran while employing total intra industry trade. But by distinguishing intra-industry trade to its types, the hypothesis is confirmed for horizontal intra industry trade. Also, the hypothesis which asserts that horizontal intra industry trade has low adjustment costs compared to the vertical one is verified. Based on the findings, it is suggested to pay more attention to intra-industry trade especially the horizontal one in promoting the foreign trade.
Saeed Rasekhy; Amir Khanalipour
Volume 13, Issue 40 , October 2009, , Pages 29-57
Abstract
Stock markets are strong means of attracting savings and directing them to investors، but their rate of returns are subject to fluctuations much higher than other economic variables. This paper is to examine of the volatility in the Tehran stock marketusing the conditional heteroscedasticity technique ...
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Stock markets are strong means of attracting savings and directing them to investors، but their rate of returns are subject to fluctuations much higher than other economic variables. This paper is to examine of the volatility in the Tehran stock marketusing the conditional heteroscedasticity technique for the period 1370:0-1386:06. Based on the results obtained، (1) distribution of the return has positive skewness indicating that market players consider occurrence of negative returns more likely. (2) Return series is not normaly distributed and has more height than normal curve. (3) Calendar has no significant effect on return with the exception of second، fifth and ninth months of the year. (4) Weak Information efficiency is rejected. Thus، not all market factors transact professionally and، the information and the news affect stock price with a time delay. (5) Inflation has positive effect on returns fluctuations، but is not significant . (6) Exchange rate (Rials/$) has positive and significant but samll effect on return fluctuations. The small effect is probably due to the fact that there is only a little share of Dollar in shareholders portfolio. Finally، (7) Assumption of normal distribution for residuals is not suitable. In contrast، t and general error distributions if surplus kurtosis is considered are proper assumptionsGovernments can play have an important role in affecting the demand for planning and preparing the food these security through their protection policies such as providing subsidies. subsidizing the main or basic categories of food in the same time subsidies will increase the government expenditure،therefore، it is necessary to set goals carefully. However، as subsidies will increase government expenditure and will cost the economy، they should be targeted to people who need them the most. In this article، we estimate the demand for main or basic foods، (i.e.bread، meat، milk، oil and sugar) have been estimated by using AIDS Model and taking into account household budget survey data in urban areas and consumer price index through two stage model and cointegration for the periodyears 1363-1384. At every stage، estimation was done for both the short-run and the long-run and the homogenous constraint and symmetric have been examined by Wald test. As an instrument of analysis، We obtain price elasticity، income elasticity and cross price elasticity of demand have been calculated forin the short-run and the long-run. The results show that reducing subsidies on these goods would put a pressure on consumer expenditure through the rise in the prices. However، changes in the structurel of subsidies with a gradual reduction in the amount of subsidies for bread، oil and sugar and directing them payment toward meat and milk within a structured goal is recommended.will be more beneficial.
Saeed Rasekhi
Volume 10, Issue 34 , April 2008, , Pages 31-55
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to estimate and study industry specific determinants of Iran’s intra industry trade (IIT) types. To this end, we use the data on foreign trade and industry specific for 16305 Iranian manufacturing firms in 2002 at the 4-digit aggregation level of ISIC classification. ...
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The purpose of this paper is to estimate and study industry specific determinants of Iran’s intra industry trade (IIT) types. To this end, we use the data on foreign trade and industry specific for 16305 Iranian manufacturing firms in 2002 at the 4-digit aggregation level of ISIC classification. Results imply that dominant market structure in intra industry trade types of Iranian manufacturing industry is an imperfect competition. Specifically, economies of scale, low concentration and product differentiation are important determinants of Iran’s manufacturing industry IIT types. Furthermore, the research and development expenditures and foreign direct investment have significant and positive effects on Iran’s IIT. Industry specific characteristics such as economies of scale and product differentiation, R&D and FDI are important factors in promoting IIT in Iran.
